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- <text id=94TT1619>
- <title>
- Nov. 21, 1994: Music:Cats and Rappers
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 21, 1994 G.O.P. Stampede
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ARTS & MEDIA/MUSIC, Page 108
- Cats and Rappers
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Three CDs, including Digable Planets' sophomore effort, show
- that jazz-influenced hip-hop is pop's most dynamic genre
- </p>
- <p>By Christopher John Farley--Reported by David E. Thigpen/New York
- </p>
- <p> The union of hip-hop and jazz has gone from oddity to commodity
- in just one year. In 1993 the rap trio Digable Planets released
- its jazzy, idiosyncratic debut album Reachin' (A New Refutation
- of Time and Space); since then the record has sold more than
- 500,000 copies and won a Grammy as well as two naacp Image Awards,
- and other jazz-rap bands, like US 3, have followed in Planets'
- wake. Meanwhile, some of the most respected musicians in jazz--from Harvard summa cum laude saxophonist Joshua Redman to
- veteran trumpeter Lester Bowie--have recorded songs combining
- jazz with hip-hop. Both Miles Davis and Quincy Jones experimented
- with rap-jazz fusion in the '80s, but a decade later it is becoming
- a staple. How broad is its acceptance? Well, Digable Planets
- is featured on a compilation called Hip-Hop 'n' Jazz that's
- being sold with a food tie-in at McDonald's.
- </p>
- <p> Jazz-rappers don't just borrow from jazz's sound; they tap into
- its spirit, its artful soul and its cool. The music has successfully
- harnessed the sagacity of an older generation of performers
- with the rawness of a newer one. Says 61-year-old trumpeter
- Donald Byrd: "All of the jazz cats, everybody I talk to now,
- they want to get involved in this." Three new CDs--Blowout
- Comb, Digable Planets' daringly laid-back sophomore album; Home,
- by the rap group Spearhead; and Red Hot and Cool: Stolen Moments,
- an aids-benefit CD featuring collaborations by various jazz
- and rap performers--should further establish jazz-rap as pop's
- most dynamic new genre.
- </p>
- <p> The form combines the rich sounds of jazz playing with the insistent
- rhythms of hip-hop. The jazz performances are often samples--snippets of music from classic jazz records. These pieces
- of sound are then reassembled into a sonic collage and set to
- a new beat with a rapper speaking over them. On Blowout Comb,
- Digable Planets draws not only on jazz but on R. and B. as well.
- In addition to relying on samples, Planets employs live musicians
- on many of the tracks, a move that allows the songs to breathe
- and flow into extended jams. Pop songs tend to last about three
- minutes--the attention span of the typical rock star--but
- several selections here wander pleasantly about for six or seven
- minutes, giving the whole CD an unhurried feel.
- </p>
- <p> The lyrics on Blowout are often abstract, but the clear subjects
- are Afrocentrism and revolution. The melodious Dial 7 (Axiom
- of Creamy Spies) proclaims that blacks, like cream, will rise
- to the top. "It's Nation-time/ Nation-time/ ready to put in
- work," the chorus goes, calling for black solidarity. The mesmerizing
- Black Ego starts with the sound of a policeman reading Butterfly
- (real name: Ishmael Butler) his rights and the rapper sourly
- answering, "Oh, like I ever had rights." But unlike cop-hating
- gangsta rappers, Digable Planets has a constructive rebelliousness.
- "There are messages in our music for people who are oppressed
- in America to recognize their oppression," says trio member
- Ladybug (Mary Ann Vierra). "So this is one little way to help
- you out of it."
- </p>
- <p> The brilliant Stolen Moments is an openly contentious album.
- Most of the songs deal with aids, and each of the tunes pairs
- rappers with jazz performers--rapper Guru with Donald Byrd,
- the spoken-word group the Last Poets with saxophonist Pharaoh
- Sanders, Digable Planets with guitarist Wah Wah Watson and trumpeter
- Lester Bowie. Age is coupled with youth, cool with anger, and
- the result is music with a caustic beauty.
- </p>
- <p> On the mostly successful CD Home, Spearhead too takes on a variety
- of social concerns, from poverty to black nationalism. The songs
- draw on hip-hop, jazz and soul. One song, Positive, is about
- getting tested for the aids virus; another, Caught Without an
- Umbrella, describes the allure of suicide. A few of the tunes
- on Home are pedestrian, but all are jaywalkers--flouting the
- rules and going where they please.
- </p>
- <p> One track on Stolen Moments samples a comment by philosopher
- Cornel West that could be the jazz-rap credo. "Often times when
- young people feel as if they're rebelling," West says, "these
- forms of rebellion result in falling into the very traps that
- are being laid." He goes on to say: "One must have a much broader
- view of how one rebels." Rap is a form of rebellion, but it
- can be a trap when it plays into violent stereotypes. By adapting
- the humanism of jazz and channeling the power of rap away from
- antisocial braggadocio, Digable Planets, the performers on Stolen
- Moments and Spearhead are helping make hip-hop truly revolutionary.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-